{"title":"Monk Fruit for Gummies and Supplement Formulation","description":"\u003ch2\u003eMonk Fruit for Gummies and Supplement Formulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonk fruit (Luo Han Guo) has rapidly moved from niche natural sweetener to a core tool in modern nutraceutical and confectionery R\u0026amp;D. For formulators working on gummies, chewables, lozenges, and dietary supplements, monk fruit offers a way to significantly reduce added sugar while maintaining a pleasant sweetness profile and label-friendly positioning.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis collection is designed for brands and product developers seeking monk fruit ingredients specifically suited for gummies and supplement applications. Below, we will walk through the science, formulation considerations, and practical tips that can help you integrate monk fruit into robust, commercially viable products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eWhy Monk Fruit Works So Well in Gummies and Supplements\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonk fruit extract is derived from the fruit of \u003cem\u003eSiraitia grosvenorii\u003c\/em\u003e, traditionally used in parts of Asia as a natural sweetener and herbal tea ingredient. The primary sweet components are mogrosides, particularly mogroside V, which can be up to hundreds of times sweeter than sucrose on a weight basis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor gummies and supplement formats, monk fruit offers several advantages:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eZero-calorie sweetness at use levels:\u003c\/strong\u003e High-intensity sweetness allows for very low inclusion rates, contributing negligible calories.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eZero glycemic impact at typical use levels:\u003c\/strong\u003e Monk fruit sweeteners do not meaningfully raise blood glucose or insulin when used as directed, making them attractive for products aimed at metabolic health, weight management, or blood sugar–conscious consumers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNatural origin and clean-label positioning:\u003c\/strong\u003e Consumers recognize “monk fruit” as a plant-derived sweetener, supporting natural and better-for-you claims when used appropriately.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHeat and pH stability:\u003c\/strong\u003e Monk fruit is generally stable in typical gummy cooking conditions and across the pH ranges used in vitamin and mineral gummies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSynergy with other sweeteners and bulking agents:\u003c\/strong\u003e Monk fruit layers well with polyols, fibers, and nutritive sweeteners, helping achieve a balanced sweetness curve and improved mouthfeel.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonk fruit is not a stand-alone solution for every formulation challenge, but it is a powerful tool when integrated thoughtfully into a broader sweetening and texturizing system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eRegulatory and Safety Considerations\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen formulating gummies and supplements, regulatory clarity and safety are non-negotiable. Monk fruit sweeteners have been reviewed by multiple authorities and are widely accepted when used within established guidelines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGRAS Status and Global Use\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the United States, high-purity monk fruit extract (mogrosides) is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use as a sweetener in a variety of foods and beverages. Several GRAS notices have been evaluated by the FDA without objection, covering uses in categories such as confectionery, beverages, dairy analogs, and more.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn other regions, including parts of Asia, monk fruit has a longer history of traditional use as a food and herbal ingredient. The specific regulatory status, allowed uses, and purity requirements can vary by country, so it is important to confirm local regulations and use levels for each target market.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eToxicology and Tolerability\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAvailable toxicology data on monk fruit sweeteners indicate a wide margin of safety at typical dietary exposure levels. Animal studies and human data have not revealed major safety concerns at current use levels. However, as with any ingredient, formulators should:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse monk fruit within regulatory and supplier-recommended use levels.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eConsider cumulative exposure from multiple product servings per day.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBe transparent on labels to support informed consumer choice.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor sensitive populations (such as individuals with complex medical conditions, pregnancy, or pediatric use), it is prudent to recommend that consumers consult a healthcare professional before making significant dietary changes, especially when using high-intensity sweeteners regularly.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eFormulation Roles of Monk Fruit in Gummies\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile monk fruit is primarily a high-intensity sweetener, its functional role in gummies extends beyond sweetness. It influences flavor perception, sweetness onset and duration, and the overall sensory experience.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e1. Sweetness Quality and Temporal Profile\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonk fruit’s sweetness is intense, with a sweetness potency typically estimated at 100–250 times that of sucrose, depending on mogroside composition, matrix, and application. Its sweetness profile is often described as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eClean and sucrose-like\u003c\/strong\u003e at optimized use levels.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSlightly lingering\u003c\/strong\u003e compared to sucrose, which can be beneficial in chewable formats.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePotentially \u003cstrong\u003eherbal or fruity\u003c\/strong\u003e at higher concentrations or in certain matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn gummies, this can be an advantage: the lingering sweetness can help compensate for reduced sugar solids, maintaining perceived sweetness as the gummy is chewed. However, it also means that careful calibration and sensory testing are needed to avoid over-sweetening or off-notes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003e2. Partnering Monk Fruit with Bulk Sweeteners\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonk fruit alone does not provide bulk, texture, or the glassy structure that sucrose and glucose syrups contribute. For gummies, you will almost always pair monk fruit with one or more of the following:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePolyols\u003c\/strong\u003e (e.g., erythritol, isomalt, maltitol) to supply bulk, some sweetness, and humectancy.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFibers\u003c\/strong\u003e (e.g., inulin, soluble corn fiber, polydextrose) to add bulk, support sugar reduction claims, and potentially contribute to fiber content.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReduced levels of sucrose or glucose syrup\u003c\/strong\u003e to maintain familiar texture and flavor while still significantly cutting added sugars.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonk fruit can then be used to “top off” sweetness, adjust the sweetness curve, and help reach the target sweetness level without relying solely on nutritive sugars.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003e3. Texture, Gelation, and Water Activity\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBecause monk fruit has negligible solids contribution at use levels, its direct impact on gelation and water activity (a\u003csub\u003ew\u003c\/sub\u003e) is minimal. However, your choice of companion sweeteners and bulking agents, driven in part by your decision to use monk fruit, will significantly influence:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGel strength\u003c\/strong\u003e (with gelatin, pectin, starch, or gum systems).\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChewiness and bite\u003c\/strong\u003e (especially important for confectionery-style gummies vs. soft chewables).\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWater activity and shelf life\u003c\/strong\u003e (critical for microbial stability and vitamin retention).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen replacing a portion of sucrose\/glucose with monk fruit plus polyols or fibers, you may need to adjust solids content, cooking temperature, and drying conditions to maintain target water activity and texture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eFlavor Masking and Enhancement in Supplement Gummies\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany supplement gummies contain botanicals, minerals, or amino acids with challenging flavors (e.g., bitterness, metallic notes, sulfurous notes). Monk fruit can support flavor systems in several ways:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSweetness masking:\u003c\/strong\u003e Adequate sweetness helps mask bitterness and acidity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSynergy with flavors:\u003c\/strong\u003e Monk fruit’s fruity undertones can complement citrus, berry, and tropical profiles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLayering with other sweeteners:\u003c\/strong\u003e Combining monk fruit with other high-intensity sweeteners or polyols can create a more rounded sweetness profile that helps obscure off-flavors.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor heavily fortified gummies, it is often useful to design the flavor system and sweetener system together, rather than treating them as separate decisions. Early pilot batches should evaluate how monk fruit interacts with specific active ingredients and flavor modulators.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eDesigning Monk Fruit–Sweetened Vitamin and Mineral Gummies\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVitamin and mineral gummies are among the most common applications where monk fruit can add value. Key formulation considerations include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e1. Target Consumer and Nutrition Positioning\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBefore finalizing your sweetener system, clarify the product’s nutritional and marketing goals:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIs the product aimed at children, adults, or specialty groups (e.g., prenatal, sports, metabolic health)?\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAre you targeting \u003cstrong\u003e“no added sugar,” “low sugar,” or “reduced sugar”\u003c\/strong\u003e claims?\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eWill you emphasize \u003cstrong\u003elow glycemic impact\u003c\/strong\u003e or suitability for blood sugar–conscious consumers?\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIs the brand positioning \u003cstrong\u003enatural, clean label, or plant-based\u003c\/strong\u003e front and center?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese decisions will guide how aggressively you reduce sugar, which bulking agents you choose, and how prominently you call out monk fruit on the label.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003e2. Stability of Actives in Reduced-Sugar Matrices\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSugar often plays a protective role for sensitive vitamins (e.g., vitamin C) by lowering water activity and acting as a glass former. When reducing sugar and relying more on monk fruit and other non-nutritive sweeteners, you should:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCarefully control \u003cstrong\u003ewater activity\u003c\/strong\u003e via solids content, polyols, and drying conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eConsider \u003cstrong\u003eantioxidants\u003c\/strong\u003e or appropriate packaging (e.g., opaque bottles, desiccants) for light- and oxygen-sensitive vitamins.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eConduct \u003cstrong\u003eaccelerated and real-time stability studies\u003c\/strong\u003e to validate label claim over shelf life.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonk fruit itself is generally stable under typical gummy processing conditions, but the overall matrix must be engineered to protect sensitive nutrients.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003e3. Dosage and Serving Size\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBecause monk fruit is intensely sweet, small changes in dosage can significantly alter sweetness. For vitamin gummies, it is common to have a 2–4 gummy serving size. Consider:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCalibrating sweetness so that \u003cstrong\u003eeach gummy\u003c\/strong\u003e tastes pleasant on its own, not only when the full serving is consumed.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eEnsuring that sweetness is \u003cstrong\u003econsistent across the batch\u003c\/strong\u003e through accurate metering and mixing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAvoiding over-sweetening, which may encourage overconsumption, especially in children’s products.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClear labeling and consumer education are important to ensure gummies are used as dietary supplements, not candies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eMonk Fruit in Functional Gummies: Botanicals, Probiotics, and Beyond\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFunctional gummies featuring botanicals, probiotics, collagen, or specialty ingredients (e.g., nootropics, adaptogens) present additional formulation challenges that monk fruit can help address.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e1. Managing Complex Flavor Systems\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBotanical extracts, amino acids, and certain minerals can be intensely bitter or astringent. Monk fruit can be part of a multi-pronged approach that may include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSweetness layering\u003c\/strong\u003e with monk fruit plus other sweeteners to create a more complex sweetness curve.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFlavor masking technologies\u003c\/strong\u003e (e.g., encapsulation, taste modulators) to reduce perception of off-notes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAcidulants\u003c\/strong\u003e (citric, malic, lactic) to shift flavor balance and support fruit profiles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBecause monk fruit has a pleasant sweetness quality, it can help soften the edges of strong herbal or functional flavors when used judiciously.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003e2. Probiotic and Enzyme Gummies\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor probiotic or enzyme gummies, processing temperatures and water activity must be tightly controlled to maintain viability and activity. Monk fruit is advantageous in these systems because:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIt can be added in low amounts without significantly changing solids or water activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIt is stable under the relatively gentle processing conditions typically used for probiotic gummies (e.g., low-temperature starch molding or post-cook addition in some processes).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNevertheless, every formula should be validated with real-time stability data to ensure that live counts or enzyme activity meet label claims through the end of shelf life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003ePractical Tips for Formulators Using Monk Fruit\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen integrating monk fruit into gummies and supplement formulations, several practical considerations can streamline development and scale-up.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e1. Choose the Right Monk Fruit Ingredient\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonk Fruit Supply offers a range of monk fruit ingredients tailored for different applications. Key variables include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMogroside content and purity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Higher mogroside levels typically mean higher sweetness potency and potentially different sweetness profiles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePhysical form:\u003c\/strong\u003e Powders vs. liquid concentrates can influence handling, dispersion, and dosing accuracy.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCarrier systems:\u003c\/strong\u003e Some monk fruit products are carried on erythritol or other solids, which can simplify dosing in confectionery but also add bulk and functionality.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSelecting the right grade early can save significant reformulation time later.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003e2. Start with Conservative Use Levels\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBecause monk fruit is very sweet, it is easier to increase dosage than to correct an over-sweetened or off-flavored batch. A typical development strategy:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBenchmark against a control gummy with your target sweetness level using sucrose\/glucose.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDevelop a reduced-sugar base using polyols or fibers to achieve the desired solids and texture.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdd monk fruit in small increments, conducting sensory evaluation after each adjustment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeep detailed records of sweetness intensity and flavor descriptors at each level to build an internal knowledge base for future projects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003e3. Consider pH and Process Conditions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonk fruit is generally stable across the pH range typical of gummies (around pH 3.0–4.0) and under standard cooking conditions. Still, it is good practice to:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eConfirm stability in your specific matrix and process (time\/temperature profile, aeration, holding times).\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMonitor for any changes in sweetness or flavor during pilot and scale-up runs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn most cases, monk fruit will withstand the thermal and mechanical stress of gummy production without significant degradation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003e4. Sensory and Consumer Testing\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEven technically sound formulas can fail if the sensory profile does not resonate with your target consumer. Consider:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eConducting \u003cstrong\u003edescriptive sensory analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e to characterize sweetness intensity, onset, linger, and any secondary notes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eRunning \u003cstrong\u003econsumer acceptance tests\u003c\/strong\u003e with your core demographic to compare monk fruit–sweetened gummies against conventional sugar-based controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eTesting \u003cstrong\u003eflavor variants\u003c\/strong\u003e (e.g., citrus, berry, tropical) to identify which pair best with monk fruit in your specific matrix.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIterative sensory work is particularly important when working with complex functional ingredients or aggressive sugar reduction targets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eLabeling, Claims, and Consumer Communication\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClear, accurate communication is essential for building trust, especially in health-oriented gummies and supplements.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e1. Ingredient Declaration\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn most markets, monk fruit will appear on the label as “monk fruit extract,” “Luo Han Guo extract,” or similar terminology consistent with local regulations. If carriers or bulking agents are used, they must also be declared.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e2. Nutrition and Health Claims\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen using monk fruit to reduce sugar, you may be able to support claims such as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e“No added sugar”\u003c\/strong\u003e (if all regulatory criteria are met).\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e“Reduced sugar”\u003c\/strong\u003e compared with a reference product.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e“Zero or low calorie from sugars”\u003c\/strong\u003e per serving, where permitted.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClaims related to blood sugar control, weight loss, or disease prevention must be handled with particular care and must comply with local regulations. It is generally safer to focus on factual statements about sugar content, calories, and ingredient origin (e.g., “sweetened with monk fruit, a plant-based sweetener”).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eHow Monk Fruit Supply Supports Your Formulation Projects\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonk Fruit Supply specializes in high-quality monk fruit sweeteners designed for demanding applications such as gummies, chewables, and dietary supplements. For brands and contract manufacturers, we provide:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConsistent, traceable ingredients\u003c\/strong\u003e with well-defined mogroside profiles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTechnical support\u003c\/strong\u003e on sweetener system design, including pairing monk fruit with polyols, fibers, and flavor systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplication guidance\u003c\/strong\u003e specific to vitamin gummies, botanical gummies, sports nutrition chews, and more.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur goal is to help you move from concept to commercial reality with monk fruit–sweetened products that are not only lower in sugar, but also stable, palatable, and aligned with your brand’s health and sustainability values.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eBringing It All Together\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonk fruit is a versatile, plant-derived sweetener that fits naturally into the evolving landscape of gummies and supplement formulation. When integrated thoughtfully, it can help you:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSubstantially reduce added sugars while maintaining consumer-pleasing sweetness.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSupport products aimed at blood sugar–conscious or calorie-conscious consumers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eEnhance flavor systems in complex, heavily fortified gummies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDeliver clean-label, natural sweetening solutions that align with modern consumer expectations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuccessful use of monk fruit in gummies requires a systems approach: balancing sweetness, texture, water activity, flavor, and nutrient stability. With careful formulation, sensory work, and regulatory diligence, monk fruit can be a cornerstone of your next generation of gummies and supplement products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are developing or reformulating gummies, chewables, or other supplement formats, Monk Fruit Supply can provide ingredient options and technical insights tailored to your specific application, helping you create products that are both scientifically sound and genuinely enjoyable to consume.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[],"url":"https:\/\/monkfruit.supply\/collections\/monk-fruit-for-gummies-and-supplement-formulation.oembed","provider":"Monk Fruit Supply","version":"1.0","type":"link"}